Yamanaka factors are a group of transcription factors that are commonly used in the field of cell reprogramming. Using MRA technology, the Yamanaka factors can be introduced into somatic cells, resulting in the partial reprogramming of these cells at a younger age, yet retaining their tissue-specific identity. Carefully avoid too many cellular changes that lead back into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Adeno Associated Virus or AAV technology can specifically target somatic cells and deliver the Yamanaka factors to them using a safe viral vector. This allows for more efficient and targeted reprogramming of the cells. The delivery systems are crucial in carrying out its precise function yet avoid side effects in achieving younger and healthier cells measured by the epigenetic clock.
Young plasma exchange or YP3 is a procedure that involves plasma infusion of younger individuals to Older ones. In animal studies, YP3 has been shown to have the potential for reversing the biological clock by as much as half of the epigenetic clock. Specifically, the transfer of factors related to youthfulness in the plasma results in a reversal of age-related changes at the molecular, cellular, and organ level. However, it is important to note that parabiosis has not been extensively studied in humans, and plasma transfusion has been in clinical practice for ages.